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采暖系统：冬季向室内供热保持室内所需温度的建筑设备叫做采暖系统。采暖系统由热源或供热装置、散热设备及供热管道组成。输送热量的物质或带热体叫做热媒，一般采用水和蒸气做为热媒。热媒在热源获得热量通过供热管道输配到各个用户或散热设备，由散热设备把热量发散到室内。
围护结构：建筑物及房间各面的围挡物，如墙体、屋顶、地板和门窗等。分内、外围护结构两类。
采暖热负荷：为维持采暖房间室内温度达到设计要求标准时，根据采暖房间围护结构的耗热量和得热量的平衡计算结果，需要采暖系统供给的热流量。
