采暖基础知识

normal {mso-style-unhide:no mso-style-qformat:yes mso-style-parent:"" margin:0cm margin-bottom:.0001pt text-align:justify text-justify:inter-ideograph mso-pagination:none font-size:10.5pt mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt font-family:"Times New Roman","serif" mso-fareast-font-family:宋体 mso-font-kerning:1.0pt}p.MsoBlockText, li.MsoBlockText, div.MsoBlockText {mso-style-noshow:yes mso-style-unhide:no margin-top:0cm margin-right:-8.9pt margin-bottom:0cm margin-left:-27.0pt margin-bottom:.0001pt mso-para-margin-top:0cm mso-para-margin-right:-.85gd mso-para-margin-bottom:0cm mso-para-margin-left:-2.57gd mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt text-align:justify text-justify:inter-ideograph text-indent:26.9pt mso-char-indent-count:1.92 mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt mso-pagination:none font-size:14.0pt mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt font-family:"Times New Roman","serif" mso-fareast-font-family:宋体 mso-font-kerning:1.0pt}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only mso-default-props:yes font-size:10.0pt mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman" mso-fareast-font-family:宋体 mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman" mso-font-kerning:0pt} @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no mso-page-border-surround-footer:no}@page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt mso-header-margin:36.0pt mso-footer-margin:36.0pt mso-paper-source:0}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1}> table.MsonormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0 mso-style-noshow:yes mso-style-priority:99 mso-style-parent:"" mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt mso-para-margin:0cm mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt mso-pagination:widow-orphan font-size:10.0pt font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"}

1.基本概念：

采暖系统：冬季向室内供热保持室内所需温度的建筑设备叫做采暖系统。采暖系统由热源或供热装置、散热设备及供热管道组成。输送热量的物质或带热体叫做热媒，一般采用水和蒸气做为热媒。热媒在热源获得热量通过供热管道输配到各个用户或散热设备，由散热设备把热量发散到室内。

围护结构：建筑物及房间各面的围挡物，如墙体、屋顶、地板和门窗等。分内、外围护结构两类。

采暖热负荷：为维持采暖房间室内温度达到设计要求标准时，根据采暖房间围护结构的耗热量和得热量的平衡计算结果，需要采暖系统供给的热流量。